Online published on 6 September, 2018.
Multiculturalism and secularism, essentially Western concepts, have evolved through the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Although they may have been known historically in the countries of the East, they were not officially proclaimed as state policies, as in some nations of the West. Countries like Australia, Canada, England and the US adopted multiculturalism as official policy in the 1970s. They were already secular through their constitutions. India “officially” became secular only in 1978, through the forty-second amendment to the constitution.
