India as an independent sovereign nation-state began its journey in August 1947 after being released from the yoke of the British Raj. In the more than seven decades that have elapsed since then, many ideologies have influenced the foreign policy of India. During that period, a number of black swan events occurred and these episodes gave new orientations and dimensions to the country’s development. This article identifies some important geo political developments of the past years and qualifies them as black swan events from the perspective of foreign policy formulation.
