Implementation of Knowledge Management and AI Systems: a case study of India’s upstream oil and gas industry

India’s upstream oil and gas sector is experiencing rapid transformation driven by energy transition challenges, market volatility, and digitalization. In this context, knowledge management (KM) and artificial intelligence (AI) have emerged as important enablers of organizational learning, operational efficiency, and informed decision-making. The study discussed in this article examines the integration of KM practices and AI technologies in major Indian upstream oil and gas organizations, including Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), Indian Oil Corporation (IOC), Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL), Vedanta-Cairn, and Reliance Petrotech.

Using a mixed-method approach based on literature review, industry reports, and sectoral practices, the study assesses KM maturity and AI adoption across key upstream functions such as exploration, drilling, reservoir management, and pipeline operations. The findings indicate that public sector organizations generally possess more structured KM frameworks, while private sector firms demonstrate greater agility in adopting AI-driven solutions. However, challenges such as fragmented data systems, skill gaps, cybersecurity concerns, and limited integration of AI-generated insights continue to affect organizational effectiveness.

The study highlights that integrating AI with robust KM frameworks can enhance knowledge creation, improve collaboration, and support evidence-based decision-making. It emphasizes the need for stronger data governance, workforce reskilling, leadership commitment, and integrated digital strategies to strengthen organizational resilience and achieve sustainable growth in India’s upstream oil and gas industry.