(Proceedings, Hydro 2003, Vol. I, Croatia, pp. 6775).
The aim for this paper is to present the state of the art in research and hydraulic design of Pelton and Francis turbines. In addition some results will be presented, obtained by refurbishment of old turbines by installing new runners with improved design. Also the safety of turbines in general will be discussed where squeezed prices and postponed maintenance for economical optimization may increase the risk of fatal errors and catastrophic ruptures. The paper is written based on the authors experience from design of turbines as design engineer and manager Research and Development in industry for 27 years. Further the experience from research work at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) is included in the paper by presenting results from Dr. Ing. work on free surface flow and non stationary flow problems flow analyses in Pelton turbines and Francis turbines.
Hydraulic design, Pelton, Francis, Refurbishment, Runners, Safety
