Groundwater usage in arid West China problems and remedies

Groundwater plays a critical role in arid West China where water is the limiting factor for development. This paper first describes groundwater characteristics in a region of four arid inland river watersheds and the problems associated with groundwater consumption. This region exhibits a unique alternating pattern of high mountains and depressions, which results in extensive interactions of surface water and groundwater. Then the authors propose six strategies to support adequate exploitation and use of groundwater in the region. These strategies are: (1) setting up a groundwater monitoring system; (2) forming a unified watershed authority; (3) protecting mountain ecology; (4) increasing the efficiency of groundwater usage; (5) protecting groundwater; and (6) supporting advanced research. The implementation of these strategies should be built upon the promotion of sustainable economic development and broad public support.