49. Possibilities of Geophysical Survey for Groundwater Contamination and Subsurface Pollution Determination and Monitoring in the Coastal Zone

One of the important challenges facing coastal zone managers today is how to identify, measure and monitor submarine groundwater discharge and seawater intrusion, and how to evaluate its influence on cumulative impacts of coastal land-use decisions over distance and time. A new geophysical technique can help to solve the problem and provide direct monitoring of groundwater-seawater interactions in coastal aquifers. The Transient Electromagnetic Method, TEM, allows subsurface sounding to 300 m depth.