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Large fault currents encountered in the modern expansive power systems necessitate well designed grounding systems for high-voltage substations. Most commonly used basic grounding systems are formed by a grid of horizontally buried conductors. Various factors like fault currents, soil resistivity, fault clearing time, ground resistance and potential gradients affect the design and need detailed examination. The design procedure has been laid down to make possible a methodical incorporation of these factors while working out the design of the grounding systems. The data incorporated is based on the practices adopted by various organisations in the world.
