State of Art of the Application of Nano Materials on the Reduction of Roughness Coefficient in Open Channels

In recent past, many investigations have been carried out on the coefficient of roughness all over the world. However there are still some uncertainties remain concerning the estimation of the precise value of channel roughness coefficient for computation of discharge in open channels. Reduction in the roughness value will increase the discharge and hence has an advantage in the field of open channel hydraulics. The application of various Nano materials such as Nano silica, Nano alumina, Nano titanium oxide and Nano fly ash on the reduction of roughness coefficientis of recent origin. The application of the coating containing Nano materials on the bottom and sides of canals is an innovative idea to reduce the roughness coefficient. By reducing the roughness coefficient in the irrigation channels, one can minimize the cost of construction and maintenance of channels and it is a key factor for designing an optimised irrigation network for the future plans. In this research paper, an attempt has been made to consolidate the literature available related to the applications of Nano materials on the reduction of roughness coefficient in open channels.