Application of solid wastes in concrete production - A review

Concrete is the backbone of infrastructural developments and most widely used construction material of every country. It mainly consists of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and water. Production of concrete has been fulfilling the need of infrastructures development on one side but causing depletion of natural resources on the other side. To minimize the exploitation of natural resources and environmental problems, the researchers have used various types of solid wastes like demolished wastes, marble wastes, bagasse, fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, granulated blast furnace slag, waste foundry slag, ceramic wastes, stone processing dust, etc as a partial replacement of cement, fine and coarse aggregate in concrete. Sludge generated from water treatment plant has been incinerated and used as partial replacement of fine aggregate. Use of treated waste water in concrete can conserve the drinking water. In this paper, the use of wastes as a partial replacement of concrete constituents and their suitability examined by different properties of concrete in fresh and hardened states, have been discussed.