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Tailings dams, critical infrastructures in the mining industry, play a pivotal role in the containment of waste by-products. Their significance is underscored by the potential environmental and societal impacts they can have if not properly managed. This paper delves into the application of geophysical methods throughout the life cycle of a tailings dam project, emphasizing their importance from site selection to sustainable management. At the site selection phase, geophysical methods offer invaluable insights into site characterization, enabling the identification of optimal locations while highlighting potential geological hazards. Techniques such as Seismic Refraction Tomography, MASW and Electrical Resistivity Imaging provide a comprehensive understanding of subsurface conditions, ensuring that the chosen site meets the safety and operational requirements of a tailings dam. During the construction phase, the real-time application of methods like MASW (Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves) and Seismic Refraction Tomography ensures the structural integrity of the dam. These techniques aid in monitoring construction processes, identifying anomalies, and addressing challenges promptly, thereby mitigating risks associated with dam failures. Operational safety is paramount once the dam is functional. Continuous geophysical monitoring, using methods like Electrical Resistivity Imaging, Streaming Potential and MASW, safeguards against potential risks, ensuring the safety of both the surrounding environment and communities. These methods provide early warning of any structural weaknesses or potential breaches, allowing for timely interventions. Lastly, from a sustainability standpoint, the long-term management of tailings dams necessitates consistent monitoring and assessment. Geophysical methods play a crucial role in environmental impact assessments, ensuring that the dam's operations remain environmentally friendly and sustainable in the long run. Incorporating real-world case studies, this paper underscores the transformative impact of geophysical methods in tailings dam projects. By offering a holistic view of their application across different phases, it emphasizes the need for their widespread adoption in the industry. The future of tailings dam projects hinges on the integration of these advanced techniques, ensuring safety, sustainability, and operational excellence.
