Management of water hyacinth in Mula & Mutha rivers of Pune city : Opportunities for sustainable development

The uncontrolled proliferation of water hyacinth in Pune's Mula and Mutha rivers, along with its lakes and canals, poses severe ecological, economic, and social challenges. This invasive aquatic plant significantly deteriorates water quality by reducing dissolved oxygen levels, obstructing waterways, and outcompeting native flora and fauna. The dense mats formed by water hyacinth impede navigation, irrigation, and recreational activities while fostering conditions conducive to waterborne diseases. Conventional control methods, including mechanical, chemical, and biological approaches, have been costly, labour-intensive, and largely ineffective in ensuring long-term mitigation. Given these limitations, this study emphasizes the need for innovative, sustainable solutions to manage water hyacinth infestations while exploring its potential as a resource for bioenergy, compost, and low-cost housing. A comprehensive strategy integrating ecological restoration, community participation, and circular economy principles is essential to curbing its spread and mitigating its negative impacts.