Shotcrete, a versatile construction material, is widely used in tunneling, slope stabilization, and repair projects. However, the lack of standardized protocols in India often leads to inconsistent quality and performance. This research investigates international Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for sprayed concrete and compares them with current practices in India. By evaluating global standards, assessing local challenges and requirements, and examining existing methods, this study develops a comprehensive set of SOPs tailored to the Indian context. Additionally, the importance of training nozzle operators is emphasized to enhance quality and streamline the shotcrete application process. The proposed SOPs and training guidelines aim to improve the reliability, safety, and effectiveness of shotcrete practices in India, ultimately contributing to better construction outcomes.
Shotcrete, Sprayed concrete SOPs, Tunnels, Shotcrete application, NATM, Shotcrete in India
