1Research Scholar, School of Electrical Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
2Professor, School of Electrical Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
3Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, C. V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Online Published on 29 December, 2025.
Utilities need battery models that are simple to commission, credible under site duty, and easy to maintain. We present a field-friendly first-order equivalent-circuit (1-RC) approach that identifies SOC-dependent lookup tables (OCV, Ro, R1, C1) using a short pulse-and-rest routine and validates them with SCADA-style KPIs. During commissioning at 25 °C, pulse-derived OCV agrees with rested OCV over 10–100 % SOC with MAE ≍ 27 mV (RMSE ≍ 30 mV), confirming adequate rest. The polarisation time constant lies around 150–400 s, guiding observer gains and post-event wait-times. We provide acceptance thresholds by use-case (peak support, municipal pumping, microgrid ride-through), a 10-step runbook, a troubleshooting map, and a monthly QC dashboard. The method delivers ready-to-import LUTs and repeatable verification without heavy models or specialised tools, aligned with the operational focus of State utilities and municipal operators.
Battery energy storage, Utility operations, BMS, Equivalent-circuit model, SOC-adaptive tables, SCADA KPIs
