HVDC Technologies and Grid Support Solutions for Large Scale Renewable Energy Integration in Low Inertia Power Systems – A Key Enabler to Energy Transition towards Net Zero

India is undergoing rapid expansion of renewable energy (RE) capacity of 500 GW by 2030 towards NetZero goal upto 2070. Renewable energy integration in India Power sector presents significant challenges in terms of grid stability, system strength, and efficient evacuation of power from remote RE generation zones. RE generators are inverter base resources (IBRs) and its increasing rapid penetration reduces conventional grid characteristics such as inertia and short-circuit strength, leading to operational complexities for Grid Operator and planner. This paper presents the role of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technologies, including Voltage Source Converter (VSC) systems and Line Commutated Converter (LCC) in addressing these challenges. It further evaluates the contribution of grid support devices such as Synchronous Condensers, STATCOM, and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in enhancing grid stability in such scenario. A case study on disturbance events observed in Rajasthan renewable energy complexes is also presented to highlight real grid challenges such as large-scale generation loss, voltage oscillations, low harmonics oscillation and weak grid conditions. The paper concludes that a coordinated deployment of HVDC systems and grid support technologies is essential for mitigating the challenges and enabling reliable and sustainable integration of large scale renewable energy in India grid scenario.