Sustainable development of hydroelectric power - an overview

Sustainable development of any country is only possible with sufficient supply of electricity. Water and electric power are essential for present day human life and hydroelectric power can ensure security to both. Energy policy makers shall consider exploring the most rational options for meeting the energy needs while protecting the environment to the maximum possible extent. Hydroelectric power is the largest available renewable source of energy which is also environment friendly. In addition to electricity supply, Hydropower is the only source which provides unique side benefits mainly associated with reservoir development such as secured water supply, irrigation, flood control, increased recreational opportunities, improved navigation, development of fisheries, cottage industries etc. Hydropower is a proven and well advanced technology, providing the most efficient energy conversion process (more than 90%). Its fast response time enables it to meet sudden fluctuations in demand and to provide grid and voltage stability. It has lowest operating cost and longest plant life, compared with other large scale generating options. The plant life can be extended economically by relatively cheap maintenance and periodic replacement of electromechanical equipment. The construction periods of hydro power projects can be drastically reduced by employing modern investigation facilities, improved construction machineries, construction management & monitoring techniques, pre-engineering, advance infrastructure development etc. The technical and environmental compliance to the prevailing norms and safety are ensured wile according clearance to Hydro Electric Projects by Ministry of Environment and Forest (MOEF) and Central Electricity Authority (CEA). India has the potential to become a major producer of hydropower and the need of the hour is to demonstrate the same by will and vision to tap this sustainable source of energy by ensuring timely clearances and avoiding review of statutory clearances accorded at the request of any stakeholder. It is also essential to educate stakeholders and media about the benefits of hydroelectric power.