An experimental investigation of gunshot residue (GSR) evidence: Directly from targeted fabric using sem

Background: Gunshot residue (GSR) is a heterogeneous cloud of vapors and generates from the explosive material present in the cartridge. Whenever a firearm is used in the crime, Gunshot residue (GSR) particles are not only emitted from the muzzle, but also from the cylindrical gaps, ejection ports and other vents present in the firearm. These particles area key piece of evidence for forensic examinations. Imaging and analyzing gunshot residue (GSR) particles using the scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) is a standard technique that can provide morphological and elemental values of GSR particles present in the samples. Unfortunately, very few studies have been reported for the detection of GSR particles for long distances using SEM.Therefore, In the present study, a new approach has applied to detect GSR particles for distant range firing by analyzing the presence of Lead (Pb), Barium (Ba), Antimony (Sb) and other elements on the target material using SEM. Results: The targeted samples of the range, near contact to distant range from shooter have analyzed using the new approach by SEM and EDX. The findings show the presence of GSR particle even up to a distant range which is generally not detected from the conventional chemical and elemental methods. Conclusions: Using this approach, it was possible to open an avenue in forensic investigation to estimate the range between the target and a shooter for long distances. This method may be helpful to the forensic community and investigation agencies to solve the distant range of crime.