<p>In India, stored pulses are damaged by different spp. of pulse beetles namely, <italic>Callosobruchus chinensis, C. maculatus</italic> Fab., <italic>C. analis</italic> Fab., <italic>C. affinis</italic> Frol., <italic>C. emerginatus</italic> All., <italic>C. phaseolus</italic> Gyll., <italic>C. albacallosus</italic> Pic., <italic>C. pisorum</italic>. However, the common and most destructive bruchid pest of stored pulses in India found to be <italic>C. chinensis</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib004">Patel <italic>et al.</italic>, 2003</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib003">Mandal <italic>et al.</italic>, 2004</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib001">Chakraborty <italic>et al.</italic>, 2004</xref>). An attempt has therefore, been made to record species of <italic>Callosobruchus</italic> prevalent in the region and loss of grain pulses caused by individual species in different seasons of the years.</p><p>The grains were collected and stored in jars till emergence of adults. The% damage in number and weight by different species of <italic>Callosobruchus</italic> was recorded (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tab001">Table 1</xref>). In order to estimate the% infestation, weight of 200 (no.) sound seeds and 200 (no.) damaged seeds were taken each sample with the help of an electronic balance and the% infestation was computed. <table-wrap id="tab001"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Estimation of loss caused by different species of pulse beetle on different pulses</p></caption><table><thead><tr><th rowspan="5">Pulses</th><th rowspan="5">Insect species</th><th colspan="6" align="center">Damage (%)</th></tr><tr><th colspan="6"><hr /></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" align="center">Winter</th><th colspan="2" align="center">Summer</th><th colspan="2" align="center">Rainy</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2"><hr /></th><th colspan="2"><hr /></th><th colspan="2"><hr /></th></tr><tr><th align="center">No.</th><th align="center">Wt.</th><th align="center">No.</th><th align="center">Wt.</th><th align="center">No.</th><th align="center">Wt.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="8"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td>Green gram</td><td><italic>C. chinensis</italic></td><td align="center">22.8</td><td align="center">10.3</td><td align="center">30.3</td><td align="center">11.8</td><td align="center">36.6</td><td align="center">14.1</td></tr><tr><td /><td><italic>C. analis</italic></td><td align="center">16.0</td><td align="center">11.7</td><td align="center">18.1</td><td align="center">12.5</td><td align="center">17.3</td><td align="center">14.9</td></tr><tr><td>Black gram</td><td><italic>C. analis</italic></td><td align="center">19.4</td><td align="center">10.3</td><td align="center">15.9</td><td align="center">11.2</td><td align="center">16.4</td><td align="center">11.3</td></tr><tr><td>Red gram</td><td><italic>C. chinensis</italic></td><td align="center">17.9</td><td align="center">7.2</td><td align="center">16.2</td><td align="center">9.2</td><td align="center">21.9</td><td align="center">10.4</td></tr><tr><td>Bengal gram</td><td><italic>C. chinensis</italic></td><td align="center">13.4</td><td align="center">10.4</td><td align="center">14.9</td><td align="center">11.2</td><td align="center">15.0</td><td align="center">12.4</td></tr><tr><td>Cowpea</td><td><italic>C. chinensis</italic></td><td align="center">13.5</td><td align="center">10.0</td><td align="center">13.0</td><td align="center">11.7</td><td align="center">15.0</td><td align="center">12.6</td></tr><tr><td /><td><italic>C. analis</italic></td><td align="center">19.0</td><td align="center">9.2</td><td align="center">20.1</td><td align="center">12.4</td><td align="center">19.9</td><td align="center">14.2</td></tr><tr><td>Lentil</td><td><italic>C. chinensis</italic></td><td align="center">33.6</td><td align="center">16.6</td><td align="center">45.2</td><td align="center">18.7</td><td align="center">46.0</td><td align="center">19.4</td></tr><tr><td>Pea</td><td><italic>C. chinensis</italic></td><td align="center">10.0</td><td align="center">3.7</td><td align="center">8.1</td><td align="center">4.1</td><td align="center">13.5</td><td align="center">5.4</td></tr><tr><td>Grass pea</td><td><italic>C. chinensis</italic></td><td align="center">21.4</td><td align="center">5.7</td><td align="center">21.4</td><td align="center">7.7</td><td align="center">24.4</td><td align="center">9.9</td></tr><tr><td /><td><italic>C. analis</italic></td><td align="center">12.1</td><td align="center">7.4</td><td align="center">14.9</td><td align="center">10.1</td><td align="center">14.8</td><td align="center">12.1</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p>Loss of pulses in terms of number and weight were calculated in three distinct seasons covering the year (July to June). Average% of damage of three seasons in a year caused by <italic>C. chinensis</italic> was highest on lentil (42.6 & 18.2) followed by green gram (29.9 & 12.1), grass pea (22.4 & 7.8), red gram (18.6 & 8.9), Bengal gram (14.4 & 11.3), cowpea (13.8 & 11.5) and pea (10.5 & 4.4) in terms of number and weight, respectively. <italic>C. analis</italic> were recorded highest on cowpea (19.6 & 12.6) followed by black gram (17.2 & 11.0), green gram (17.1 & 13.0) and being lowest on grass pea (13.9 & 9.8) in terms of number and weight, respectively. Higher rate of loss of stored pulses grains might be due to moderate temperature and high relative humidity round the year particularly in rainy seasons under humid climate of terai region favoured infestation by <italic>C. chinensis</italic> attacked all the important pulses in storage but it did not damage soybean, kidney bean and small pea. The results are in conformity with Chakraborty <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib001">2004</xref>) whereas Ghosal <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib002">2004</xref>) attributed to phenol content in legume seeds. However, variation in level of infestation and damage might be due to differences in regional climatic conditions determining biological activities of the pest species.</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References

APPS

Annals of Plant Protection Sciences

0971-3573

Society of Plant Protection Sciences

apps-14-1-069

SHORT COMMUNICATION

Assessment of different stored pulses by Callosobruchus spp.

Ghosal

T.K.

Senapati

S.K.

Department of Agri. Entomology, U.B.K.V., P.O. Pundibari, Coochbehar-736 165, India

32006

141242243

<p>In India, stored pulses are damaged by different spp. of pulse beetles namely, <italic>Callosobruchus chinensis, C. maculatus</italic> Fab., <italic>C. analis</italic> Fab., <italic>C. affinis</italic> Frol., <italic>C. emerginatus</italic> All., <italic>C. phaseolus</italic> Gyll., <italic>C. albacallosus</italic> Pic., <italic>C. pisorum</italic>. However, the common and most destructive bruchid pest of stored pulses in India found to be <italic>C. chinensis</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib004">Patel <italic>et al.</italic>, 2003</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib003">Mandal <italic>et al.</italic>, 2004</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib001">Chakraborty <italic>et al.</italic>, 2004</xref>). An attempt has therefore, been made to record species of <italic>Callosobruchus</italic> prevalent in the region and loss of grain pulses caused by individual species in different seasons of the years.</p><p>The grains were collected and stored in jars till emergence of adults. The% damage in number and weight by different species of <italic>Callosobruchus</italic> was recorded (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tab001">Table 1</xref>). In order to estimate the% infestation, weight of 200 (no.) sound seeds and 200 (no.) damaged seeds were taken each sample with the help of an electronic balance and the% infestation was computed. <table-wrap id="tab001"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Estimation of loss caused by different species of pulse beetle on different pulses</p></caption><table><thead><tr><th rowspan="5">Pulses</th><th rowspan="5">Insect species</th><th colspan="6" align="center">Damage (%)</th></tr><tr><th colspan="6"><hr /></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" align="center">Winter</th><th colspan="2" align="center">Summer</th><th colspan="2" align="center">Rainy</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2"><hr /></th><th colspan="2"><hr /></th><th colspan="2"><hr /></th></tr><tr><th align="center">No.</th><th align="center">Wt.</th><th align="center">No.</th><th align="center">Wt.</th><th align="center">No.</th><th align="center">Wt.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="8"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td>Green gram</td><td><italic>C. chinensis</italic></td><td align="center">22.8</td><td align="center">10.3</td><td align="center">30.3</td><td align="center">11.8</td><td align="center">36.6</td><td align="center">14.1</td></tr><tr><td /><td><italic>C. analis</italic></td><td align="center">16.0</td><td align="center">11.7</td><td align="center">18.1</td><td align="center">12.5</td><td align="center">17.3</td><td align="center">14.9</td></tr><tr><td>Black gram</td><td><italic>C. analis</italic></td><td align="center">19.4</td><td align="center">10.3</td><td align="center">15.9</td><td align="center">11.2</td><td align="center">16.4</td><td align="center">11.3</td></tr><tr><td>Red gram</td><td><italic>C. chinensis</italic></td><td align="center">17.9</td><td align="center">7.2</td><td align="center">16.2</td><td align="center">9.2</td><td align="center">21.9</td><td align="center">10.4</td></tr><tr><td>Bengal gram</td><td><italic>C. chinensis</italic></td><td align="center">13.4</td><td align="center">10.4</td><td align="center">14.9</td><td align="center">11.2</td><td align="center">15.0</td><td align="center">12.4</td></tr><tr><td>Cowpea</td><td><italic>C. chinensis</italic></td><td align="center">13.5</td><td align="center">10.0</td><td align="center">13.0</td><td align="center">11.7</td><td align="center">15.0</td><td align="center">12.6</td></tr><tr><td /><td><italic>C. analis</italic></td><td align="center">19.0</td><td align="center">9.2</td><td align="center">20.1</td><td align="center">12.4</td><td align="center">19.9</td><td align="center">14.2</td></tr><tr><td>Lentil</td><td><italic>C. chinensis</italic></td><td align="center">33.6</td><td align="center">16.6</td><td align="center">45.2</td><td align="center">18.7</td><td align="center">46.0</td><td align="center">19.4</td></tr><tr><td>Pea</td><td><italic>C. chinensis</italic></td><td align="center">10.0</td><td align="center">3.7</td><td align="center">8.1</td><td align="center">4.1</td><td align="center">13.5</td><td align="center">5.4</td></tr><tr><td>Grass pea</td><td><italic>C. chinensis</italic></td><td align="center">21.4</td><td align="center">5.7</td><td align="center">21.4</td><td align="center">7.7</td><td align="center">24.4</td><td align="center">9.9</td></tr><tr><td /><td><italic>C. analis</italic></td><td align="center">12.1</td><td align="center">7.4</td><td align="center">14.9</td><td align="center">10.1</td><td align="center">14.8</td><td align="center">12.1</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p>Loss of pulses in terms of number and weight were calculated in three distinct seasons covering the year (July to June). Average% of damage of three seasons in a year caused by <italic>C. chinensis</italic> was highest on lentil (42.6 & 18.2) followed by green gram (29.9 & 12.1), grass pea (22.4 & 7.8), red gram (18.6 & 8.9), Bengal gram (14.4 & 11.3), cowpea (13.8 & 11.5) and pea (10.5 & 4.4) in terms of number and weight, respectively. <italic>C. analis</italic> were recorded highest on cowpea (19.6 & 12.6) followed by black gram (17.2 & 11.0), green gram (17.1 & 13.0) and being lowest on grass pea (13.9 & 9.8) in terms of number and weight, respectively. Higher rate of loss of stored pulses grains might be due to moderate temperature and high relative humidity round the year particularly in rainy seasons under humid climate of terai region favoured infestation by <italic>C. chinensis</italic> attacked all the important pulses in storage but it did not damage soybean, kidney bean and small pea. The results are in conformity with Chakraborty <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib001">2004</xref>) whereas Ghosal <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib002">2004</xref>) attributed to phenol content in legume seeds. However, variation in level of infestation and damage might be due to differences in regional climatic conditions determining biological activities of the pest species.</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>ReferencesChakraborty

Chaudhuri

Senapati

S.K.

(2004). Correlation between seed parameters and relative susceptibility of mungbean genotypes to Callosobruchus chinensis during storage. Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci.12: 48–50.Ghosal

T.K.

Dutta

Senapati

S.K.

Deb

D.C.

(2004). Role of phenol contents in legume seeds and its effect on the biology of Callosobruchus chinensis. Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci.12: 442–444.Mandal

Konar

Bandyopadhyay

Biswanath

(2004). Evaluation of storage containers as grain protectant from the attack of Callosobruchus chinensis. Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci.12: 439–441.Patel

Chaudhuri

Senapati

S.K.

(2003). Studies on relative susceptibility of different stored pulses to Callosobruchus chinensis. Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci.11: 246–249.