Management of insect pests on okra with biopesticides and chemicals

All the combination treatments were comparatively superior over sole treatments. The combination treatment comprising of the soil application of neem cake at 200 kg ha⁻¹ alongwith three foliar spray of neem oil @ 0.5 L ha⁻¹ and endosulfan (35 EC) @ 250 g a.i. ha⁻¹ recorded minimum population of jassid (7.4/30 leaves) and lowest percentage of shoot and fruit borer damage and minimum borer population. The aforesaid treatment yielded maximum marketable okra fruits (127.48 q ha⁻¹) and maximum percentage increase in yield (53.40) over control and also proved profitable with the maximum cost benefit ratio (1:8.17). Neem oil at 0.5 L ha⁻¹ recorded maximum infestation of pests and produced lowest yield but showed comparatively higher incremental cost benefit ratio (1:3.38) than Bt + endosulfan (1:2.58), Bt + acephate (1:2.13) and neem cake (1:1.60).