Life table, biology and age specific reproduction of wrinkling aphids (Forda hirsuta Mordv.) of Pistachio leaf under natural conditions of Rafsanjan Orchards

The results indicated that net fecundity rates for 1, 2 and 3 generations were 1.71, 11.5 and 7.37 female/female/days, respectively. Net fertility rates were 1.11, 8.87 and 5.01 days, respectively. The results indicated that intrinsic rates of increase (r) for 1, 2 and 3 generations were 0.01, 0.0638 and 0.0575 female/female/day, respectively. The results revealed that population parameters especially r in the first and second generations were lowest and highest, respectively and mean longevity of fundatrix was 30 days and the newly born nymphs made separate galls in the edge of pistachio leaves. Other reproductive parameters such as gross hatch rate, gross fecundity rate, gross fertility rate, mean age gross fecundity and fertility, mean age net fecundity and fertility, mean age hatch, number of eggs/female/day and daily reproductive rate also were calculated.