Paddy residue management alternatives in Punjab, India: An economic analysis

Farmer's choice of using crop residue management (CRM) method depends on different factors like the quantum of residue generated, accessibility and affordability of CRM solutions and other technical or marketing constraints. Considering the earnest need for well-managed CRM system with good potential for resource use efficiency, the present study was conducted in the Punjab state during the year 2020–21.Among the four prevalent strategies i.e. complete burning (CB), partial burning (PB), complete incorporation (CI) and complete removal (CR), the CI method proved to be the most cost-effective with highest returns (Rs.115274.2 per hectare) because of higher yield though CB was the most preferred by all the farm categories. CR raised the farmers’ burden by Rs. 7200 per hectare in comparison to CB. Majority of the respondents faced technical problems related to lack of practical knowledge about operating machines, seed rate, moisture requirements and complicated methods followed by economical, managerial and marketing constraints. Steps like compensation to farmers by integrating the cost of paddy residue management in the MSP, assuring the availability of residue management machinery at reduced rates, improving custom hire services and extension services are needed to deal with the state's paddy straw management.