Present status, prospects and future scope of makhana in Bihar

Makhana (Euryale ferox Salisb) is one of the protein-rich commercial and geo-tag crops of Bihar, grown predominantly in static waters and has diversified usage in Indian cuisines..With the establishment of National Research Centre for Makhana at Darbhanga (Bihar), inflow of various technologies has anchored Makhana research and development to new heights. Introduction of Makhana variety Sabour Makhana-1 with a seed (guri) yield of 32-35 q ha^-1 and pop recovery f of 55-60% compared to ruling makhana variety of Swarn Vaidehi with a seed yield-28-30 q ha^-1 and pop recovery of 40-45 %, without much change in maturity time of 240-250 days has provided growers new hopes of raising the production outcomes in years to come. Amidst these achievements, crop protection is the major issue, besides development of water hyacinth jeopardizing the growth of Makhana to optimum production. Of late, a strong necessity is felt to develop Makhana-based cropping systems with an eye to harvest 2-3 seasons of crop. Round the year availability of quality seeds of Makhana is another issue, researchers need to serious consider as priority agenda. Other important issues of Makhana industry comprise of establishment of makhana board, Centre of Excellence, and exploring the medicinal properties of Makhana.