1Faculty Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
2Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
*Corresponding Author Muhammad Danial Bin Che Ramli, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Management and Science University, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Email: muhddanial_cheramli@msu.edu.my
Online published on 1 May, 2020.
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) belongs to Rubiaceae family. The widely usage for kratom by population in Southeast Asia can leads to dependence with unknown effect on behavioral changes by acute and chronic administration. The aim of this study was to investigate kratom effects towards zebrafish by exploring its potential to alter pathological effects towards the brain and skeletal muscle in adult zebrafish. The adult zebrafish (n=5) were exposed to three different concentrations (50, 150, 250 mg/L). Each adult zebrafish was analyzed through behavior study by CPP test after 4 weeks of treatment. The brain and skeletal muscle morphology changes was observed histologically. Histologically, shown granular cells increase in brain and swelling of skeletal muscle fibers compared to control. These data suggest that the short term and long term exposure of kratom consumption significantly cause degenerative loss of muscle and granular cells increasing.
Kratom, Zebrafish, Conditioned place preference, Prefrontal cortex, Skeletal muscle
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