1Assistant Professor, Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
2Research Scholar, Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
3Assistant Professor, Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity UniversityUttar Pradesh, Noida, India
*Corresponding Author Dr. Amarnath Mishra, Assistant Professor (Grade-III), Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar PradeshIndia Email: amishra5@amity.edu, drmishraa1@gmail.com
Online published on 21 March, 2022.
Antihistamines are the drugs that are widely used for the treatment of allergic reactions. These drugs mainly inhibit the histamine receptors to bind the histamine proteins. This helps in reducing the anti-inflammatory reactions. These drugs cause sedation, depression, confusion and reduce body-mind coordination. Due to these properties, it leads to accidents and it also acts as poisons for humans in some cases when it is taken accidentally or intentionally. Many cases are reported on the deaths caused by antihistamines. Antihistamines can also cause intoxication and also leads to death when it is taken with other sedative drugs or alcohol. The main objective of this paper is to conduct a detailed review of the antihistamines, their extraction, and detection techniques available for 20 years. After reviewing it was found that most of the research have been performed on first and second generation of antihistamine drugs and negligible work have performed on third and new generation categories, although we have many cases reported regarding overdose and death due to this classification. New trends and recent developments in the isolation of antihistamines from biological matrices are also discussed.
Forensic toxicology, Antihistamines, Histamine receptors, Sedation, Biological samples, Extraction, Isolation, Instrumentation
