Integrated Weed Management in Direct Seeded Spring Sown Rice under Rainfed Low Valley Situation of Uttaranchal

Pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha⁻¹+fann wastes as mulch (7.5 t ha⁻¹) supplemented with one hand weeding at 45 days after sowing (DAS) decreased weed density, dry matter production and gave highest weed control efficiency (91.3%) which was comparable to farmers' practice of hand weeding at 30, 60 and 90 DAS. This treatment also produced the highest grain (2439 kg ha⁻¹) and straw yields (3740 kg ha⁻¹). Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha⁻¹ supplemented with post-emergence application of 2, 4–0 was economically most beneficial for controlling the weeds as it gave highest net return (Rs. 6967 ha⁻¹) and benefit: cost ratio (1.9).