Determinants of Socio-economic Disparities in Agricultural Income and Consumption: Evidence from Districts of Western Uttar Pradesh

This study analyzed data from the 77th round of the National Sample Survey Office’s (NSSO) Situation Assessment Survey of Agricultural Households (SASAH) conducted in 2019, covering 2,415 households in Western Uttar Pradesh. The survey examined socio-economic indicators, including land ownership, income, education, and resource access among predominantly male-headed (90.81%) and female-headed (9.19%) households. Using regression models, we assess the impacts of age, education, landholdings, caste, and religion on monthly consumption expenditures and agricultural income. Our findings reveal significant disparities in income and consumption expenditures, heavily influenced by religion and caste. Specifically, higher educational attainment and larger landholdings are associated with increased income and consumption. The study underscores the need for targeted educational programs, equitable land reforms, and region-specific economic strategies to boost employment and entrepreneurship. These policies are crucial for reducing socioeconomic disparities and promoting inclusive growth in Western Uttar Pradesh.