1Dept of Oral Pathology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida
2Dept of Periodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida
Objective: The impact of diabetes mellitus on the oral cavity has been well researched. A large body of evidence demonstrates that diabetes is a risk factor for gingivitis and periodontitis. The aim of the study was to analyze the relation between severity of periodontitis in patients with diabetes mellitus, and to study the relationship of this pathology with duration of diabetes.
Method: The study was conducted on 200 diabetic patients (112 males and 88 females) aged 18–55 years. The condition of periodontal tissues was evaluated according to the World Health organization (WHO) CPITN index. Oral hygiene was evaluated using a simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) according to Green-Vermillion and the findings of the study were registered.
Results: Out of 200 patients with diabetes mellitus, periodontitis was detected in 135 (67.5%) patients (85 males and 50 females). Of these, 52 subjects were diagnosed with severe periodontitis (CPITN index 4–5), 45 - with medium (CPITN index 3), and 38 - slight periodontitis (CPITN index 2). Gingivitis was found in 52 subjects (CPITN index 1). Only 6.5% of the studied patients had healthy periodontal tissues. A relationship was found between the severity of periodontitis and the duration of diabetes mellitus (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: The degree of the severity of periodontitis is directly associated with the control of diabetes mellitus, i.e. the maintenance of normal blood glucose levels.
