Lignocellulosic Biomass (LCB) for a Sustainable Circular Economy

Bio-based materials are derived from a variety of biomass sources and they prove to be potent eco-friendly alternatives to fossil-based products. Lignocelluloses are composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, each of which can be valorized into high-value products such as biofuels, biofibers, bio-based polymers etc. Biorefinery technologies have enabled harnessing lignocellulosic feedstock for sustainable bio-based materials and drive the circular economy forward. The present review delves into the potential of using lignocellulosic components, their availability and sustainability, emerging advancements for their processing, valorization of the extracted waste or by-products, challenges and transformative opportunities in improving the scalability and bioconversion process. A thorough literature review and comparative case studies on lignocellulosic materials, circular economy models and bio-based innovations have been carried out. This review contributes in addressing research gaps, provide insights into environmental impacts and economic analysis for policy makers, explore zero-waste manufacturing models and functional practices for integration of bio-based materials into circular economy models. Additionally, an assessment of regional specificity is covered in this review.