1Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
2Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
*Corresponding author e-mail: Kenro Oshima (kenro@hosei.ac.jp)
Online published on 23 May, 2023.
Phytoplasmas infect more than a thousand plant species worldwide and are transmitted by insect vectors. Phytoplasmas may alter the gene expression to colonize both plant and insect hosts. Despite their small genomes, they induce unique symptoms to their host plants such as phyllody and witches’ broom. Although the molecular mechanisms behind the symptoms are not fully understood, several secreting effector proteins from phytoplasmas have been shown to induce the symptoms or manipulate the plant hosts.
Phytoplasma, Genome, Effector, Phyllody
