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Environment is playing vital role in human life since the origin of human beings on this earth. Ecology and environment has always been determining factors in evolution and development of human culture. Keeping this in mind, the present paper attempts to delineate Indian social traditions and indigenous knowledge systems which are important for conservation and management of environment ranging from Vedic age to modern days. Paper also discusses in detail various environment conservation movements and their managment in the light of various traditions, ritual performances and sacred complexes.