International Journal of Bioinformatics and Biological Sciences

Author Guidelines

Research articles should have:

• Title

• Abstract

• Key words (4-5)

• Running Title

• Introduction

• Materials and Methods

• Results and Discussion

• Acknowledgements (if any)

• References

• Tables

• Figures (if any)

Before submission of the new manuscript authors should consider the following general rules for preparation of the manuscript. Please read these instructions carefully and follow the guidelines strictly.

The following types of material will be considered for publication in the Journal of Animal Research in TYPE-WRITTEN (MS WORD), Font (Times New Roman) with size 12, in double-spaced throughout (including references and tables) with a 2.5 cm margin at the top, bottom and left-bottom and left-hand side. The articles in PDF format will not be accepted. The lines and pages should be numbered accordingly.

Manuscript Preparation

Research papers

Original papers should present unpublished new scientific findings and should not exceed 10 printed pages except where it is needed otherwise.

These papers present original research and address a clearly stated specific hypothesis or question. They should provide novel approaches and new insights into the problem addressed and should be arranged under the following headings: Title of paper, author(s) and their affiliation, abstract, brief introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, acknowledgements, references, figures, tables.

Short communications

These are for a concise, but independent report representing a significant contribution in the field. Short reports of new results of special interest or article having new future dimension are welcomed within 4-5 printed pages only and could include two figures or tables. It should have at least 8 references. Short communications will also send for peer review.

Reviews Articles

Reviews should be critically analyzed with continuous flow of literatures in terms of events NOT years and should not exceed 15 printed pages However; editor may take decision in case of exceeding pages provided the review is proved worthy and readers to be more benefited in wider views.

These can be an attempt by one or more authors to sum up the current state of the research on a particular topic. Ideally, the author collects the information relevant to the topic, and then sorts it all out into a coherent view of the “state of the art” as it now stands. Review Articles focus on : • the main research contributors in the field : recent major advances and discoveries made ; significant gaps in the research ; current debates and views and the future strategies or directions .Only review articles from experts in the field will be considered for publication. The potential authors are advised to contact the editorial office for this purpose.

General Instruction

• All manuscript should include Title, authors/authors name (unaccompanied by degree/degrees) and present address (marking corresponding author with along with fax number and email address), Abstract (concisely stating the scope of the work and give the principal findings in single spaced preferably with in 150 words), keywords (maximum 6 words), Introduction, Materials and methods, Results and discussion, conclusion and references should be the components of a research paper.

• The review paper should have headings and sub-headings. The review should be illustrated with data in tabular form, bullets form etc. If needed, line drawing could be included. As far possible, the figures should be original and while taking figures from other sources it should be done after getting permission from the copy right holders. Such letters should be attached with the paper. Same is applicable to photographs.

• Running title: A brief running title should be on the top of each right-hand print page and along top of the online browser window, not to exceed 15 words. If running title is declarative or interrogative sentences, it is not acceptable.

• Abstract: An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the article; it allows readers to survey the contents of an article quickly. Abstract should be concise less than 250 words and describe, in a paragraph, concisely purpose, methods, important results and describe conclusion of the study, but not repeat information already presented in the title. Short communication or clinical case reports must also be submitted with an abstract.

• Key words: This is a list important terms relevant to the content of paper. Up to 4-5 key words should be listed at the bottom of abstract to be used as index terms.

• Introduction: In this part no needs to write separate heading like “INTRODUCTION”. This is a brief background and limited to the statement of the importance of the study, problem or the aim of the experiment. It may briefly justify the research and specify the hypotheses to be tested. The review of literature should be pertinent to the problem. The specific questions to be addressed the study should also described. Objective of the study should be discussed in view of latest references.

• Materials and Methods: The relevant details should be given of the animal, including experimental design and the techniques employed. Where the methods are well known, the citation of a standard work is sufficient. All modifications of procedures must be explained. Experimental materials and statistical models should be described clearly and fully. Authors must certify (see the certificate to be given by authors) that animals were cared for under guidelines comparable to those laid down by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee.

• Results and Discussion: The results and discussion should preferably be combined to avoid repetition. This part should be included a concise textual description of the data presented in tables and figures. Repetition of the same data in different forms should be avoided. The result should be presented in tabular form and graphs when feasible but not both. The color figures and plates are printed only under exceptional circumstances when editor in chief decides that the information would be lost, if reproduced in black and white. Mean result with the relevant standard errors should be presented rather than detailed data. The data should be so arranged that the tables would fit in the normal layout of the page. Self explanatory tables should be typed on separate sheets and carry appropriate titles. Discussion should be considered the results in relation to any hypotheses advanced in the introduction. This may include an evaluation of the methodology and of the relationship of new information to the knowledge in that field.

• Acknowledgment: All people who have made a genuine contribution and who endorse the data and conclusion(s) may be included. Authors are responsible for obtaining written permission to use any copyrighted text and/or illustration.

Reference should follow the pattern given below:-

Journal

• Author(s), year. Title. Journal title (full name in italic) volume number (bold) :page-page.

• Joshi, V.K., Sharma, Rakesh and Kumar, Vikas. 2012. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils: A Review. International Journal of Food and fermentation technology, 1(2): 161-172.

Books

• Author(s), Year. Title. (Ed.).Edition if any, Publisher, address. Page number.

• Rahim,B Kazi, Sarkar, Debashis and Roy, Bidhan, 2012, Sustainable Agriculture and Environment, New Delhi Publishers, New Delhi

Chapters from books

• Author(s), year. Title. In: book title, editors (editors), Ed., Publisher, address. Page-page.

• Joshi, V.K. 1998. Apple pomace utilization : Present status and future strategies. In: Advances in Biotechnology' Ashok Pandey, Ed. p. 141- 155 Educational Publish. & Distributors, New Delhi.

Review

• Joshi V.K and Attri Devender. 2005. A Panorama of Research and Development of wines in India. J .Sci. Ind.Res .,64(1):9-18.

Proceedings of Seminar

• Rodraquez S Thornton R 1988.Rapid utilization of malic acid by a mutant Schizosaccharomyces malvidorans. In: Proc. of second cool climate viticulture and Oenology Symposium Aukland, Newzealand Soc. for Vitic. & Enol., Newzealand, pp.313-315.

• Tables and Figures: Table should be typewritten separately from the text, double spaced, and each table should include a title. Vertical rulings in tables are unacceptable. Figures should ordinarily be original drawings. However, glossy photographs of line-drawing are usually satisfactory. In each original line-drawing, letters or numbers should be left blank because they will be typed in during printing. Letters or numbers should be included in the figures contained in a submitted manuscript along with caption for figures. Authors should place explanatory matter in footnotes, not in the heading. Explain in footnotes all nonstandard abbreviations that are used in each table. For footnotes use the following symbols, in sequence: *,?,?,?,||,?,**,??, ?? . Nomenclatures, Unit, Abbreviations, and Symbols Nomenclatures for chemicals and biochemical's, microorganism, and genes should follow the guidelines in the instructions to authors of journals published by American Society for Microbiology. SI units (System International Unites) should be used whenever possible. Abbreviations should be used for those recommended by IUPA-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents.

• Proof-correction should be in red ink; in the margins. All queries marked in the article should be answered. Proofs are supplied for a check-up of the correctness of type-setting and facts. Excessive alteration may be charged to the authors. The proofs should be returned within 7 Working days.

Submission of manuscript and copyright Form

• Download Copyright Form from www.ndpublisher.in and submit duly signed certificate in original with the original manuscript by online submission system at http://www.ndpublisher.in/articleSubmission.php OR by post to the Managing Editor, Journal of Animal Research, New Delhi Publisher, 90, Sainik Vihar, Mohan Garden, Uttam Nagar, New Delhi-110059, and India.

NOTE: Without duly signed certificate the submitted manuscript will not be process.

Online submission will be appreciated.

http://www.ndpublisher.in/IJBBS_articleSubmission.php

For any query you can contact to the Managing Editor (ndpublishers@rediffmail.com/gmail.com)

Gallery Proofs

Galley proofs would be sent unless indicated otherwise to the corresponding author. It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to ensure that the galley proof is to be returned without delay (within 1 week) with correction (if any). The authors are responsible for the contents appeared in their published manuscripts. Authors are also responsible for obtaining written permission to use any copyrighted text and/or illustration.

Double-spaced typing in A4 size paper with font ‘Times New Roman’ and with font size 12 point.

• Copy right certificate

• Lead Title and running title

• Name(s) of author(s)

• Correct and complete postal address (es) with affiliations

• Present address (es) of author(s), if applicable

• Complete correspondence address including e-mail address and phone numbers to which the proofs should be sent.

• Abstract

• Keywords

• Introduction

• Materials and Methods

• Results and Discussion

• Acknowledgements

• References

• Tables

• Figures

The Editor-in-Chief reserves the privilege of returning to the author for revision accepted manuscripts and illustrations which are not in the proper form given in this guide.